Class 10 Science notes

Chapter-2  Acid, Base and Salts Acids Acids is defined as the one which produces hydrogen ions in water.  For Example , Sulphuric Acid, Hydrochloric Acid etc. They give sour taste. Acids turn blue litmus to red. This is used as confirmation test for the presence of acid. When acids react with metals, gases are evolved. Reactions with Acids 1. Reaction of Acid with Metal Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen gas Mg + H 2  SO 4  → H 2  + Mg SO 4 2. Reaction of Acid with Carbonates Na 2  CO 3  (s) + 2 HCl (aq) → 2NaCl (aq) + H 2 O(l) + CO 2 (g) 3. Reaction of Acid with Bicarbonates NaHCO 3  (s) + HCl (aq) → NaCl(aq) + H 2 O (l) + CO 2  (g) Similarity between Acids and Bases Both acids and base react with water. They produce ions in water Both acids and bases acts as electrolytes, so are good conductors of electricity. Both of them changes the colour of the litmus paper. Classification of Acids Acids are classified as  Organic Acids and Mineral Aci...

  Chapter 8 How do Organisms Reproduce Asexual Reproduction It involves only one parent. There is no formation and fusion of gametes. The young ones formed are almost identical to each other as well as to the parent cell. Asexual reproduction generally occurs during favourable environmental conditions and when there is an abundance of food. It is a faster method of reproduction. Types of Asexual Reproduction is Unicellular Organism (i) Binary Fission:  Seen in bacteria, protozoa like Amoeba, Paramecium. (In these first pseudopodia withdrawn (karyokinesis) the nucleus of the parent cell divides and then the cytoplasm divides (cytokinesis) resulting in the formation of two daughter cells). It occurs during highly favourable conditions. The cell division can occur in any plane as in case of Amoeba. However, organisms like Leishmania. (cause Kala-azar), which have a whip like flagella at one end, binary fission occurs in a definite orientation in relation to the flagellum. Cytokin...